“qaiser baagh” ki chaar deewari mein rachaya gaya khail
“qaiser baagh” ki chaar deewari mein rachaya gaya khail, daramay ko yonani aur sansikrat riwayaat mein zamana qadeem se barri ahmiyat haasil rahi hai. woh mazhab ka bhi hissa tha aur sheri o adbi sarmaya bhi, lekin dono hi zabanon mein yeh –apne urooj par pahonch kar zawaal ka shikaar ho gaya .
urdu shair o adab ka aaghaz hwa to mukhtalif Asnaf par tawajah di gayi, lekin daramay ki taraf koi iltifaat nah hwa. is ke bohat se asbaab ho satke hain. shayad aik bara sabab yeh bhi tha ke drama likhnay padhany se ziyada’ ‘ khailnay’ ‘ ka mutaqazi hota tha jis mein mukhtalif kirdaar ka bahrup bherna laazmi tha aur yeh kaam bhandon aur nqalon ka kaha jata tha. yeh Matanat aur sanjeedgi ke khilaaf tasawwur hota tha. shayad isi liye arbab_e_ qalam ne is ko qabil e aetna nah jana. taa k ilm o adab ke rsya, khail tmashon ke shoqeen, raqs o moseeqi ke dildada aur jiddat pasand taba ke maalik nawab wajid Ali Shah ka is taraf melaan sun-hwa .
” radha kanhiya ka qssh’ ‘ 1842 hamza mein stage par unhon ne paish kya. is terhan Shahi sarparasti mein drama khela gaya to logon ki jhijhak daur hui aur jald hi ehley urdu drama nigari ki taraf mael ho gaye .
das saal ke andar andar hi amanat ki’ ‘ andar sabha’ ‘ ne stage ki duniya mein dhoom macha di. isi douran theatre shuru ho gaya tha. maghribi daramay paish karne ke liye bohat si theaterical companian wujood mein aa gayeen aur yun drama naweeson ki aik barri tadaad ubhar kar samnay aayi .
baad mein agha hasher ne urdu daramay ki duniya mein goya inqilab barpaa kar diya aur mukhtalif daramay likhay, woh khud un ke hadaayat car bhi thay. un ke ziyada tar daramay makhoz hain. is zamane mein lkharyon ne Badesi deramo ko mashriqi rang mein aisa ranga ke kahin ajnabaiyat ka ehsas nahi hota. muqami kahaniyan bhi theatre par paish ki jane lagen aur aala miyaar ke daramay banay .
beeswin sadi mein cinema ka chalan aam hwa aur theatre aur stage par zawaal aata chala gaya. uss zamane ke deramo ki taba-at o ashaat bhi ki gayi magar ab un ke nuskhay dast yab nahi. taham woh hamari adbi riwayaat ka ahem hissa hain, lekin tehreeri soorat mein hamaray samnay nahi aur yun aaj ke bazoq nojawan aur adab ke taalib ilm azeem virsay se mahroom hain .
is ke ilawa hindostan mein musalmanoon ke dour hukoomat mein daramay ki sanaf par koi tawajah nahi di gayi jab ke dosray aloom o fanoon ki tarweej o taraqqi mein musalman hukum ranon ne ahem kirdaar ada kya. is ka bara sabab ghaliban yeh tha ke nah to arabi o farsi daramay ki koi riwayat un ke samnay thi aur nah sansikrat daramay ki riwayat hi baqi thi, lehaza drama un ki sarparasti se mahroom raha .
urdu daramay ka aaghaz unniswen sadi ke wast se hota hai. is lehaaz se is ki Umar bohat mukhtasir hai. urdu ke taqreeban tamam mohqiqeen, masood husn Rizvi Adeeb ke is khayaal se mutfiq hain ke nawab wajid Ali Shah urdu ke pehlay drama nigaar hain aur un ka Rahs ( tafreeh taba aur khail ki makhsoos shakal )’ ‘ radha kanhiya ka qissa’ ‘ urdu daramay ka naqash-e awwal .
yeh Rahs wajid Ali Shah ki walii ehdi ke zamane mein’ qaisar baagh’ mein 1843 hamza mein barri shaan se khela gaya. wajid Ali Shah shayar honay ke sath sath fnِ moseeqi, raqs o Surood aur art ke barray dildada aur madah thay.’ ‘ radha kanhiya ka qissa’ ‘ ke ilawa wajid Ali Shah ke dosray Rahs bhi barri aan baan se Shahi stage par dukhaay gaye .
aik taraf wajid Ali Shah ke Rahs thay jo’ ‘ qaisar baagh’ ‘ ki chahar deewari tak mehdood thay to doosri taraf taqreeban kuch hi arsay baad yani 1853 hamza mein syed agha husn amanat ka’ ‘ andar sabha’ ‘ awaami stage par paish kya ja raha tha. go tareekhi lehaaz se wajid Ali Shah ke Rahs ko amanat ke andar sabha par Taqaddam haasil hai, lekin be panah shohrat, har dil azeezi aur qbolِ aam ki sanad’ ‘ andar sabha’ ‘ ke hissay mein aayi .
masood husn Rizvi adeeb likhte hain andar sabha urdu ka pehla drama nahi hai lekin is se uss ki tareekhi ahmiyat mein koi kami nahi hoti, woh urdu ka pehla drama hai jo awaami stage ke liye likha aur khela gaya. woh pehla drama hai jis ko aam maqboliat ne malik mein shehar shehar aur avdh mein gaon gaon p_honcha diya. woh urdu ka pehla drama hai jo choup kar manzar aam par aaya aur secron martaba shaya sun-hwa .
