kitaaben. . .
kitaaben. . ., hum mutalay ke Shaiq aur kitabon ke aashiq hain, so jab yaar logon ne kaha ke kitabon ka zamana ld gaya aur yeh daur mobile aur computer ka daur hai to kuch lamhoon ke liye hum pareshan hogaye ke waqai kitaaben ab gayeen ke tab gyin- lekin jab computer ke sath printer ko nathi dekha to aik Gona itminan hwa ke nahi jee aisi koi baat nahi, kitabon ka zamana gaya nahi balkay yeh ghar ghar tak pahonch raha hai .
aur hamara yeh itminan is waqt aur bhi siwa ho gaya jab internet par bhi’ ‘ print’ ‘ ka’ ‘ option’ ‘ mojood paaya. aur sab se ahem baat ke jab aap computer kharedtay hain to is ke sath sath aap ko aksar kitabi soorat mein hi is ka kabhi mukhtasir to kabhi Zakheem sa minoyl bhi thmadya jata hai ke jis ki baghal mein aik si d bhi atki hui hoti hai waghera. to sahbo! kitabon ka zamana ld nahi gaya -haan ab yeh hogaya hai ke aap kitabon ko laad kar phirnay ke bajaye un ko load kar ne lagey hain aur kitaaben haqeeqi se majazi hogayi hain .
jee haan sahbo! paanch hazaar saal ki tareekh mein kitaaben kaghaz se digital safhaat par muntaqil horahee hain. is amal mein kutub khanaay bhi tagayur Pazeer hain aur maadi imaarton se majazi kutub khaanoon ko muntaqil ho rahay hain. kitaaben guzashta hazaron baras se zair mutaliya hain. aur mohan jo drho se dast yab muhroon ke mad e nazar hum keh satke ke hum jo ke waadi Sindh ki tahazeeb se wabasta hain duniya ke qadeem tareen musanifeen waqareen mein se hain, ke jis khittay mein tehreer mojood thi wahan mutalea aur qaryin kyun nah hon ge? jahan kapra buna jata tha wahan kitaaben aur kutub khanaay kyun kar nah hon ge? Albata yeh mauzo moarkheen aur mahireen aasarqdimh ki tehqeeq o tasneef ka hai nah ke hamara so un ko mubarak ho! hamara tehqeeq o tasneef mein kya dakhal so hum to bas kutub o kutub khaanoon ki aur majazi kutub khaanoon ki baat hi karte hain .
mahireen o moarkheen ke mutabiq, smeri daur mein khittay mein kitaaben matti ki tkhtyon par tehreer ki jati theen. un mein’ ‘ ki alwah’ ‘ qabil zikar hain. misrion ne papirus ko istemaal karkay belan numa kitaaben tayyar kee, jab ke duniya ke kitney hi khitton mein kutub janwaron ki khaalon par tehreer ki gayeen. khaalon ya post par tehreer kiye jane ke baais hi bar e sagheer mein kitaab ne pastak ka naam paaya. achi baat yeh hai ke kitaab padhany walay’ ‘ pisti’ ‘ ya’ ‘ posty’ ‘ nahi kehlaye _ yeh aur baat hai ke kabaab Khor , kitaab khwan ko posti hi samajte hain. Europe mein kitabon ne baarhavin sadi ke awakhr mein kahin jaakar tabee shakal aur maadi qader o qeemat haasil ki .
kitaaben. . ., aur agarchay pandharvin sadi mein taba-at ki ijaad se kitabon ki nshrwashaat mein tosee hui aur sar-at aayi lekin yeh inqilab france hi tha ke jis ke baad laybriryon ne farogh aam paaya. mutalea awam o khawaas mein aam hwa aur kutub par chand logon ya tabqo ki ajarah daari khatam honay lagi. yeh aur baat hai ke kisi daur mein jo kitaaben badshahon aur ulma ke qabza mein hoti theen un mein se kuch par hamaray rigl chocky doston ki ajarah daari qaim ho gayi hai aur woh kitaab ki qeemat kitaab ko dekh kar nahi balkay khredar ko dekh kar ankatay hain balkay hankatay hain .
1789 ka francesi inqilab kutub beeni o ashaat kutub samait zindagi ke tamam shobo par muheet tha. ayyaam inqilab mein ke zakhair mein se looti hui ashya mein kutub bhi shaamil ho ti theen jo ke baad mein be car ashya ke tor par sarkon par waraq waraq bhikri payi jati theen. yeh kuch aisa hi manzar tha jaisa ke hamaray gharon aur galiyo mein shopping bag bikhare hun is ke baad kitaaben mara-aat Yafta tabqo ki niji malkiat se awaami laybriryon ko muntaqil hogai. is se qabal barri laybriryan ya to kleesiaye marakaz mein ya phir Shahi mehlaat mein tak mehdood theen. yahi wajah hai ke jab hakeem alhikma Ibn seena ne –apne daur ke badshah ka kaam yab ilaaj kya to muawzay ke tor sirf Shahi library se istifaday ki ijazat mangi .
kitaaben. . ., yaad rahay ke duniya ki awleen awaami laybriryan satarhween sadi ke awaily saloon mein aaksfrd university aur melaan shehar mein qaim ki gayeen aur phir duniya bhar mein laybriryon ka qya meem amal mein anay laga – jab ke is se pehlay mukhtalif niji laybriryon mein hazaron kutub aur dastawizaat ke sath sath qeemti tehreeri tareekhi Shah car, awam ki dustarus se paray khoob soorat aur rangin imaarton mein almariyon muqeed thay aur khoraak karam o khaak ban jatay thay. guzashta chand sadiiyon ke douran mein jahan kutub ki haiyat mein tabdeeli aayi hai wahein laybriryon ki soorat mein bhi tabdeeli aayi hai .
jab hum library ke baray mein baat karte hain to umooman aik aisi awaami jagah ka tasawwur karte hain ke jahan almariyon mein kutub chuni hui hoti hain. mutalay ke shedai wahan jaakar apni pasandeeda kutub jari kerwatay hain aur muqarara muddat tak is ka mutalea karne ke baad yeh kutub library ko wapas kar di jati hain taakay doosron ko bhi un kutub se istifaday ka mauqa mil sakay. mojooda daur mein kutub khanah kitabon ko zakheera karne ke sath sath maloomat ko dastawizaat, record, kutub, sooti o soori mawaad ke tor par mehfooz karne ka awaami markaz hai jo ke boqt zaroorat yeh mawaad zaroorat mandoon ko fraham kar sakta hai .
chun kay apni ibtida mein is qisam ka mawaad tehreeri o kitabi soorat mein hwa karta tha is liye hi un ki zakheera gaahon ka naam library rakha gaya. yeh lafz aslan yonani lafz se mushtaq hai, jis ka matlab kitabon ka majmoa ya zakheera hai. bani paal aur iskandriya ki ashoori laybriryan qadeem daur ki mashhoor laybriryon mein se theen .
kitaaben. . ., laybriryon ne waqt ke sath sath farogh paaya hai aur aaj duniya mein bohat se idaray hain ke jin ki apni apni laybriryan hain. isi terhan duniya bhar mein zaati o awaami kutub khaanoon mein bhi guzashta barson ki nisbat acha khaas izafah sun-hwa hai. intehai afsos ki baat hai ke Pakistan aur muslim duniya’ ‘ iqrah’ ‘ ke hukum ke bawajood mutalay se paray hai. agar Pakistan ki baat karen to mutalay ki aadat walay mulkon mein pehlay tees nambaron mein bhi yeh kahin bhi nazar nahi aata aur Bharat is fehrist mein sare fehrist balkay awwal darja par hai. itminan ki baat yeh hai ke Saudi arab is fehrist mein dasvin number par hai, jab ke deegar muslim mumalik mein aam tor par arab hazraat ausatan 6 minute salana hi mutalea farmatay hai jab ke aik Europi salana ausatan 200 ghantay parta hai .
mutalea mein turkey ka number 19 hai, jab ke Iran mein bhi mutalea ka shoq kaafi had tak hai. duniya mein jahan insaan mutalay ki aadi nahi hain wahan be khaberi aur jahalat aam hai. jahan ashaat kutub aur mutalea kutub ba khabri aur ilm o Danish ka sabab hai. wahein kitabon ki nshrwashaat mein kami aur mutalay se ijtinab ilm o baseerat se mehroomi hi ka nahi balkay siyasi aur iqtisadi taraqqi se mehroomi aur tanzuli ka baais bhi hain aur tehzibi aur saqafati pas mandghi bhi aisi qomon ka muqaddar hai .
kitaaben. . ., aik daur woh tha ke jab log gayon bakrion ya deegar janwaron ki khaalon ya phir par kitaaben likhte thay. phir kaghazi kutub ka daur aaya to bhi barri miqdaar mein kaghaz ka istemaal hota raha jo aaj bhi barri had tak jari hai, jab ke aaj hi ke daur mein aik barqi kitaab mein secron aur hazaron safhaat bah aasani sama jatay hain. is rujhan mein rozafzon izafah ho raha hai. majazi ya barqi kutub khanah ( digital library ) aik jadeed istilaah hai jo ke chand dahaiyo se ziyada purani nahi. is se morad aisi library ya maloomat ka zakheera hai jo ke riwayati library ki terhan kisi makhsoos imarat ya khaas maqam par almariyon mein band nahi balkay computer ke majazi hafzay mein darja band aur paish ki jati hain .
digital library ki istilaah 1960 ki dahai ke awakhr mein zabaan zad hui ( zuba zad aam nahi ). computer science daano ne usay mustaqbil ki library qarar diya aur unhon ne usay barqi kutub khanah ya majazi kutub khanah jaisay mukhtalif naamon se puraka. 1990 ki dahai mein duniya bhar ke scienci aur taleemi idaron ne maloomat ke husool mein izafay o serat ke liye digital laybriryan qaim kee. yeh woh daur tha jab computer ki maqboliat mein bhi izafah sun-hwa aur internet tak rasai bhi aam hoti gayi. yahi sabab tha ke awaami laybriryon ne is qisam ki sahuliyaat fraham kee aur un mein izafah kya. isi amal ke sabab un marakaz mein dast yab kitabon ke istemaal, un ki talaash ya kuch dastawizaat record aur deegar maloomat ko computer aur bad azaa internet ke zariye phelanay ka nizaam qaim kya gaya .
bah alfaaz deegar digital laybriryon ke qiyam ke ibtidayi iqdamaat internet par shuru kiye gaye. majazi laybriryon ne –apne treeqa e kar mein riwayati laybriryon ka andaaz ikhtiyar kya hai aur kitabon ko bah lhazِ mauzo, unwan aur mulaf darja band kya gaya hai. is qisam ki awaami laybriryon mein ke jahan woh waqay hain wahan Sarif –apne paas word ki madad se rasai haasil kar saktay hain. majazi kutub khaanoon mein barqi kutub samait riwayati kutub khaanoon ke bohat saaray Shah car mojood hain. koi bhi un ki naqool bana sakta hai .
majazi kutub khaanoon mein mojood mawaad ko mukhtalif tareeqon se istemaal kya ja sakta hai. majazi kutub khanaay mein kayi qisam ki sahuliyaat dast yab ho sakti hain. is ka inhisaar kutub khanaay par hai. kisi bhi majazi kutub khanaay par mojood mawaad ko computer ki monitor par parha ya dekha suna ja sakta hai, is ki naqal mumkin hosakti hai aur qabil ashaat mawaad ka print bhi haasil kya ja sakta hai. mumkina tor par aisa tamam mawaad zaati computer par bhi muntaqil kya ja sakta hai .
muwasilat ke maidan mein internet ka istemaal wasee tar hota ja raha hai. internet ne is silsilay mein aik nai soorat e haal peda kar di hai aur maloomat ka aik wasee zakheera baghair kisi ki wasatat ke shaiqeen ki dustarus mein hai .
internet par kutub khaanoon ke zariye fraham kardah khidmaat ka inhisaar is idaray ki swabdid par hai jo ke is ka muntazim hai. barray barray kutub khanaay mamooli si fees ke aiwz mein se darkhwast dahinda ko matlooba dastaweez ya record ke mawaad ki copy fraham kar satke hain. bah alfaaz deegar yeh idaray mamooli muawzay par khwast garon ki wasee pemanay par khidmaat fraham karne par amaada hain. is liye kayi majazi kutub khanaay is maqsad ke liye barri miqdaar mein is qisam ka mawaad o muatiyat akhatta kar rahay hain .
kuch kutub khanaay membership fees ke aiwz shaiqeen ko apni site ki sahuliyaat bhi fraham kar dete hain. kayi mashhoor o Maroof kutub khanaay aalmi satah par baahum munsalik hain aur mushtarqa net work ke zariye darkhwast dahindgaan ko wasee pemanay par sahuliyaat fraham karte hain .
information minijmint ne aik khaas tanzeem ko tashkeel diya hai jis mein online sahaafat aik nai qisam ki sahaafat ki tor muta-arif hui hai. majaz y kutub khanah aik inqalabi qadam hai jis ne ke maloomat tak rasai ko taiztar aur aasaan tar bana diya hai aur yeh amal saal bah saal behtar y ki tar f mail hai. ehad hazir mein majazi kutub khaanoon ki taraqqi ke jadeed mayarat samnay aaye hain aur is shobay mein mukhtalif idaron mein awaami tawajah ke liye musabqat jari ho chuki hai. yeh mayarat maloomat aur adad o shumaar tak logon ki aasaan rasai samait kitney hi shobo par kaam kar rahay hain aur un ko wusat day rahay hain. jadeed tareen maqbool programon ke sath naye alfaaz o istalahat bhi maqbool ho chuki hain .
kitaaben. . ., majazi kutub khanaay hadd bandiyon aur sarhadoon ko paar kar rahay hain, snsrshp se nijaat pa rahay hain aur maloomat ko maqbool aam aur awaami aur sab ke liye qabil rasai bana rahay hain. is ke sath hi unhon ne riwayati kutub khaanoon ki tamam khususiyaat ko bhi barqarar rakha hai, jab ke apni wasee tar sahuliyaat, computers aur internet par taiz raftaar rasai ke baais yeh riwayati kutub khaanoon se bartar saabit ho rahay hain .
majazi kutub khaanoon ka amlah mukhtasir hai, thoray se mahireen logon ki aik barri tadaad ko umdah sahuliyaat fraham kar par hai hain. yahi log mawaad ki farahmi aur baazyabi ka ihtimaam karte hain, kutub khanaay ki zkhiron ko chalanay aur taqseem karne tarseel karne ki khidmaat injaam dainay ke sath sath un ki nigrani jaisay umoor ke bhi zamin hain .
majazi kutub khanaay mehez tehreeri kutub tak mehdood nahi balkay un mein barri miqdaar mein sooti o soori mawaad bhi dast yab hota hai. un mein taswerain, geet aur filme shaamil hain. un kutub khaanoon mein maloomat aur muatiyat ki musalsal aur sar-at se tajdeed ki jati hai aur nai maloomat purani data ki jagah le layte hai. un marakaz ki sab se barri khoobi yeh hai ke koi bhi kahin se bhi o ray kisi bhi waqt ba zarea computer o mobile phone un marakaz se rabita kar sakta hai. ghar baithy secron kutub khaanoon se istifada haasil kar sakta hai aur rasai raabtey mein reh sakta hai .
majazi kutub khanaay is maeno mein mahol dost bhi hain ke un ki wajah se kaghaz ka zayan nahi hota aur yun har baras lakhoon darakht katne se bach jatay hain. majazi taba-at kaghaz ki khapat ko kam karti hai aur is terhan mahol ki hifazat mein misbet kirdaar ada karti hai .
majazi kutub khanaay ke koi bhi auqaat car nah hotay hue yeh hroqt qabil istemaal hain. yun kahiye ke yeh Zaman vmkan ki qaid se azad idaray hain. majazi kutub khanaay riwayati kutub khaanoon ki bah nisbat kam tareen qeemat par wasee tareen khidmaat paish karte hain. yeh ashaat ke akhrajaat taqseem o tarseel ka kharch bachatey hain aur un ke aik hi nuskhay se lakhoon afraad mustafeed ho satke hain .
Albata itni aasani aur arzani ke bawajood koi is zeam mein mubtala hai ke yeh daur kitabon ka nahi balkay computer aur mobile ka hai to usay shayad sun kar ( ke parhna to is ka naseeb hi nahi ) herat ho ke national jyografk net works jaisay bain al aqwami idaray TV aur Websites hi nahi chillate balkay TV aur Websites par paish kardah mawaad ko kitabi soorat mein paish karne samait deegar mawaad ki taba-at o ashaat mein bhi paish paish hain, jab ke maghribi duniya mein nah sirf barak Obama balkay bil Gates jaisay software doylpr jaisi shaksiaat bhi nah sirf yeh ke kitaaben kharidte aur padti rehti hain balkay kitabon par tehreeri tabsaray bhi karti rehti hain, aur –apne madah o qaryin se mukhtalif kitabon ke mutalay ki sifarish bhi karti rehti hain .
woh muslim afraad o idaray jo ilm o fun par kisi aik tabqa ya halqa ki ajarah daari ke mudai ya khwahan hain aur maazi ki scienci karnamon ke hawalay dete rehtay hain, woh bhi aam tor par logon ko mutalay ke bajaye duniya bhar se muqaabla o mubarzah ki dawat dete nazar atay hain .
kitaaben. . ., un ko yaad hi nahi ke Shamsheer o sinaan aur taaos o Rubab ki beech mein kahin looh o qalam bhi wujood rakhtay hain. behar haal yeh khushi ki baat hai ke mumlikat khudadad islami jamhooria Pakistan ke saddar arif alvi ne aik video pegham mein qoum se farmaya hai ke’ Pakistan ki nojawan nasal aur awam ko mutalay ki aadat apnani chahiye. kitabon ke mutalay se insaan ka nuqta nazar wasee hota hai aur usay –apne tasbat par qaboo panay mein madad millti hai. mein –apne haasil kiye gaye ilm ko apni taqareer ke zariye logon tak pohanchanay ki koshish karta hon aur halaat hazrh aur computer science se mutaliq kitaaben parhta hon. malik mein kutub beeni ke shoq ko farogh dainay ki zaroorat hai.’ ‘
